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CHIMBORAZO MOUNTAIN PARK: VOLCANO, HEIGHT, CLIMB

Chimborazo Mountain Park: Volcano, Height, Climb

1. Geology

2. Hydrology

3. Conservation status

4. Things to do

5. Vegetation

6. Mammals

7. Birds

8. Other critters

9. Getting there

10. Best Tours

Geology of Chimborazo Volcano

Chimborazo Mountain Wildlife Reserve is located in the Cordillera Central of the Inter-Andean Region. Some of the main attractions of the Reserve are the two high mountains it protects: the imposing Chimborazo volcano at 6,310 masl, the highest glacier in Ecuador and the Carihuairazo at 5,020 masl. The other prime attraction are the vicuñas.

The Chimborazo massif with its three peaks stretches eastward and has a base of more than 20 km in diameter. It has not had any volcanic activity since its last eruption about 10,000 years ago.

Chimborazo Mountain Climb
Mount Chimborazo is not the highest mountain in the world measured from sea level, but its location along the equator makes its peak the furthest point away from the center of the earth. The entire peak of the Chimborazo is covered by glaciers, with the northeastern glacier flowing down to 4,600 masl. The height of the Chimborazo Mountain is 6,263 m, and the highest mountain in Ecuador. The Chimborazo Volcano climb is very popular. In the Northern Andes of Peru are even higher mountains, the Cordillera Blanca in the Huascaran National park, which has the highest peaks of the Americas.

Under clear conditions, you can see the peak of the Chimborazo from Guayaquil, about 140 km away.

Carihuairazo Volcano: It rises to 5,020 masl and has a caldera of 2 km in diameter, one of the widest in Ecuador, perhaps the only comparable to the ones of El Altar and Antisana. Lonf ago, this volcano may have been similar in size to the Chimborazo, but is final eruptions must have destroyed its cone, although it did not jeopardize its beauty.

In the past, the Indians would climb to the glacier to stock up on large blocks of ice and transport them down on mules to the villages; They were known as hieleros of Chimborazo.

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Hydrology

90% of the melt water of the Chimborazo flows to the Atlantic and 10% to the Pacific, running into the Guaranda River watershed. The sub-basins of the Ambato and Chambo Rivers form part of the upper basin of the Pastaza River, which flows into the Amazon. At 70 km of the Chimborazo are two hydroelectric plants: Agoyán and San Francisco, that supply electricity to Sucumbíos, Napo and Pastaza and parts of Chimborazo and Bolivar.

There is a permanent lake, Cocha Negra and several seasonal lakes near Urbina in Abraspungo.

Depending on the elevation, the annual temperature varies between 14 ° -3 ° C. The annual precipitation is 1 000 mm / year.

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Conservation status Chimborazo Fauna Reserve

The Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve was created on October 26, 1987 by interministerial agreement No. 437 and published in the OFFICIAL REGISTER November 9, 1987 R.o. No. 806. It has an area of 58,560 ha with an altitudinal range of 3,200 - 6,310 masl.

One of the main reasons for declaring the Reserve was the (Re) -introduction of 3 of the 4 South American Camelids: llamas, domesticated animals during the Inca empire; The alpacas and the vicuñas, native species of Peru and Chile, but that adapted very well to this environment.

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Things to do

The Reserve is located at 180 km south of Quito. The nearest towns are Riobamba (28 km), Ambato (32 km) and Guaranda (25 km). In fact, the Chimborazo has  a variety of things to do and see:

Hot springs: On the banks of the Colorado River is a spa called Cununyacu at 3,600 masl. This facility has three pools with hot springs from the Chimborazo. To get there, take the road to San Juan and follow the old road to Ambato (11 km).
 

Chimborazo Volcano

Chimborazo Volcano: Located at 28 km northwest of Riobamba and 32 km from Ambato. The climb to its top requires sufficient experience in ice climbing. There is a new mountain hut at 4,800 masl for climbers and visitors with lodging facilities, that can be reached by car.

Volcano Carihuairazo: It rises to 5,020 masl whose climb is less popular than that of the Chimborazo.

Guided walks: Several trails allow you to hike into the interior of the reserve, many of them very demanding, but allowing you to appreciate the wonderful landscapes of the páramo and mountains. Visitors must be accompanied by qualified guides.

The Huasca Mocha - Mecha trail takes two days to complete hiking 8 to 10 hours per day; It runs between the Chimborazo and the Carihuairazo Volcanoes from where one has a beautiful view of the glaciers of both mountains. Along this hike, it is also possible to visit sites such as Temple Machay, which according to the locals is the first church in the country, or La Chorrera, the canyon of the Chorrera River. with a unique landscape vertically cut rocks up to 100 m heigh.

There is a mountain biking route from the shelter to the towns of Urbina and San Juan.

Mount Chimborazo vs Mount Cotopaxi

Comparing Chimborazo vs Cotopaxi, there is no doubt that Chimborazo wins in many ways:

1. Highest mountain;

2. Wild roaming vicuñas;

3. More beautiful paramos;

4. Accessible until the snow line by car;

5. More dramatic landscapes.

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Vegetation

Flora

Another representative flower is the rabbit ear, Culcitium nivale. Gentianella (Gentiana sp., Gentianella sp.), With blue-violet flowers, Hypericum laricifolium and some common species of in the high Andes, Valeriana sp.

Vegetation

The vegetation in the reserve is affected by grazing with domestic animals, such as cattle and alpacas, that are not part of the natural ecosystem of the area. Under these conditions, there are the following predominant ecosystems in the area:

The evergreen high montane forest (2,900-3,400 masl), hardly exists in the reserve, although in some gullies, some groves of Polylepis reticulata, o fthe genus Polylepis, which grows the highest forests in the world, as well as, Buddleja incana, which in the past covered large parts of what is now páramo in Ecuador. In these forests, forest floor tends to be covered by a dense layer of moss. The trees are gnarled, with trunks branched and in some cases very inclined or almost horizontal trunks.

Herbaceous páramo, 3400 - 4000 masl, with a predominantly grassy flora of Calamagrostis and Festuca, intermixed with small shrubs. Characteristic flora is Valeriana pilosa, Hercules Club, Puya clava-herculis, mosses, lichens, etc.

The  Hércules Club is a very primitive bromeliad in the páramos of Ecuador.

The Superpáramo or Gelidofitia develops above the herbaceous páramo up to the the limits of the eternal snow, that is to say 4,000 - 5,000 masl. Only the most cold hardy plants can survive under these conditions of the cold, the wind and draught. This vegetation formation grows in patches spread along the bare soil. Plants are xerophytic, consisting of a few herbs, small shrubs, moss and lichens. In some places in the reserve, the paramo desert is fond at a considerably lower level. For example, the western slopes of the Chimborazo are dry and sandy from 3,800 masl onward. There is also a large sandy area at the southwestern side of the volcano, similar to the puna of Bolivia, where the vegetation is scarce with few species like Stipa, Calamagrostis, and some shrubs and grasses.

Among the characteristic flora: Azorella pedunculata, Chuquiraga jussieui, Hypochaeris sonchoides, Senecio microdon S. comosus, Culcitium nivale and Werneria rigida. Above 4 700 masl, the vegetation is dominated by lichens and mosses. Vascular plant species are few and the ones that grow are often rosettas and some shrubs with very small leaves. Characteristic plants are: Aciachne fl agellifera, Loricaria ferruginea, Draba aretioides, Valeriana pilosa. The frailejon espeletia garcibarrigae near the entrance is actually a Colombian species, not native to Ecuador. Humboldt had mentioned the presence of "Frailexon" but there are no indications they ever grew there. Apparently some biologist reading Humboldt's journal felt it should be "re-introduced", but just like the Vicuña it is actually a non-native foreign species. Yet, it is very pretty around the visitor center.

En la Reserva se encuentran 145 especies endémicas conocidas.

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Mammals

The vicuñas are the largest of the wild ungulates of the paramo. They need very little water and can live in semi-desert areas. A peculiarity of this animal is that its incisive teeth grow during most of its life, allowing them to feed on tough leaves. The alpaca, Lama pacos, is the domesticated form of the vicuña, high in demand for the quality of its wool. The lama, Lama glama, the other species of domesticated South American camelids, also lives in the Reserve as well as in other páramos of the Ecuadorian highlands.

The vicuñas live in the highest parts of the páramo, also known as the Puna, where the conditions are drier, which they prefer.

It is also possible to see Andean fox, Lycalopex culpaeus, White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Long-tailed Weasel, Mustela frenata,  Conepatus semistriatus, and rodents like the Brazilian Cotontail, Sylvilagus brasiliensis, Akodon mollis, Phyllotis andinum, and Thomasomys paramorum.

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Birds

Birds often seen at the paramo: curiquingues, Phalcoboenus carunculatus, Geranoaetus melanoleucus and in the arenal zone one can often see very fast flying swifts, Aeronautes montivagus. Other birds are: Ecuadorian star hummingbird, Oreotrochilus chimborazo, and the Andean condor, Vultur gryphus. In the Cocha Negra lakes and in the seasonal lakes of the Urbina Paramo in Abraspungo one may see: Paramo ducks, Anas andium, Gallinago stricklandii, paramo gulls, Larus serranus, and Andean Lapwings, Vanellus resplendens.

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Other Fauna

So high up in the mountains are only a few lower vertebrates. Most notably there are the lizards: Pholidobolus, Stenocercus guentheri and Pholido bolus montium.

Threatened amphibians are: Atelopus ignescens, Eleutherodactylus curtipes, Gastrotheca riobambae, Eleutherodactylus nigrum, E. chalceus, E. unis trigatus, Colostethus jacobuspetersi and Gastrotheca pseustes.

Originally, the rivers and lakes of the high Andes were only inhabited by species of the "preñador" genus, Astroblepus, but last century several species of trout have been introduced throughout the Andean region, forcing the preñadores to places inaccessible to trout.

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Getting there

In fact, to get to the Chimborazo Fauna Reserve, Ecuador you have 3 options:

• The Panamerican Highway, which passes by the eastern part of the Reserve, from where you can takes the turnoff to Sigsipamba - Cuatro Esquinas - Route de los Hieleros;

• The Ambato - Guaranda highway, which crosses the Reserve near the western boundary and which takes you to the Abraspungo and Carihuairazo valleys;

• The road to the town of San Juan, which departs from Riobamba and from where you can reach La Chorrera– Templo Machay – Cuartel Inca – Yanarumi.

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Best tours

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CHIMBORAZO MOUNTAIN PARK: VOLCANO, HEIGHT, CLIMB